1、有他這顆掃帚星,什么事情都辦不成。
[誤]With a comet like him,nothing can be accomplished.
[正]With a jinx like him,nothing can be accomplished.
注:“掃帚星”是中國人對“慧星”(comet)的俗稱,因其后面拖著一條像掃帚一樣的長尾巴而得名。在中國古代,“掃帚星”被認為是災難的預兆,并被用來比喻不吉利的人或事;禍根:(person or thing that is thought to bring)bad luck(to sb/sth);curse.英語的comet雖然沒有這層含義,但卻有一個對應的說法,即jinx.
例:There's a jinx on/Someone's put a jinx on this car:it's always giving me trouble.(這輛汽車上有什么妨人的東西,總給我找麻煩。)
2、蘿卜青菜,各有所愛。
[誤]Some prefer radish but others prefer cabbage.
[正]Tastes differ.
注:Tastes differ/vary是句英語諺語,除此以外,原句還可翻譯成No dish suits all tastes或You can never make everyone happy等。此外,我們還可以這樣說:One man's meat is another man's poison.總之,應采取意譯。
3、他一向嘴硬,從不認錯。
[誤]He has always got a hard mouth and never admit a fault.
[正]He never says uncle.
注:say(cry)uncle:to give up or in;to surrender;to admit defeat.Mainly used by boys,as when fighting.這句話主要是男孩們打架時的用語,當一方想制服另一方時,就用命令的口氣說:“Say uncle!”這時,有的孩子為了表示不服輸,就是不說。后來,say uncle就成了“服輸”的代名詞,而not say uncle就相當于“嘴硬”了。
4、老師很喜歡這個嘴甜的小姑娘。
[誤]The teacher likes this sweet-mouthed little girl very much.
[正]The teacher likes this honey-lipped little girl very much.
注:中國人喜歡說“嘴甜”,但honey-lipped更符合英美人的語言習慣。
5、同學們都很討厭他,因為他經常拍老師的馬屁。
[誤]The students all dislike him because he often pats the teacher's ass.
[正]The students all dislike him because he often licks the teacher's boots.
注:以前在歐洲,臣民見到國王與王后往往要親吻他們的靴子。后來,人們將lick the boots引申為“為了某種目的而討好某人”,它與漢語的“拍馬屁”含義一樣。在美國英語中,“拍馬屁”還有另一種說法,即polish the apple,源于以前的學生用擦亮的蘋果來討好老師。
6、你聽說了嗎?邁克把他的女朋友給甩了。
[誤]Have you ever heard that Mike broke up with his girlfriend?
[正]Have you ever heard that Mike dumped his girlfriend?
注:break up with sb.雖然表示“與某人分手了”,但并沒說明是誰先提出來的。而dump的原意指“傾倒垃圾”,用在這里則表示像倒垃圾一樣地甩掉。
7、我們要把祖國建設成為社會主義的現代化強國。
[誤]We will build our motherland into a socialist modern powerful country.
[正]We will build our motherland into a modern powerful socialist country.
注:形容詞作為修飾語在漢語和英語中都很常用,但使用的先后次序卻有所不同。在英語中我們一般遵循“靠近原則”,即越能說明本質屬性的修飾詞越靠近它所修飾的名詞,當從這一點看不出區別時,就靠詞的長短來決定,短的在前,長的在后。原文中最能說明“國家”本質的定語是“社會主義的”,所以socialist 要最靠近它所修飾的中心詞。
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